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Clogged duct or mastitis?

A painful lump at 3 a.m., and advice online that contradicts itself. Tick what you're feeling and see which pattern it looks most like, what current guidance says to do at home — which has changed in the last few years — and exactly when it's time to call a doctor instead of waiting.

Get urgent medical help now if you have breast symptoms and you feel confused or very drowsy, are breathing fast or your heart is racing, feel faint or can't stand, or your skin looks pale, blue or blotchy. These can be signs of a serious infection (sepsis), which needs emergency care — don't wait to finish this checker.

Step 1

Are you breastfeeding or pumping at the moment?

Step 2

What do you notice in your breast?

Tick everything that fits.

Step 3

How do you feel in yourself?

Your temperature, if you've checked it

Step 4

How long, and which way is it going?

It started…

Since it started, it's…

Step 5

Any of these?

These change the answer, so please check each one.

Your answers look most like

This can't tell you what it is — only someone who examines you can. It organises what you've described against current guidance.

This checker does not diagnose anything. Breast pain, lumps and redness have many causes, and only a clinician who examines you can say what's going on. Use this to organise your symptoms and understand typical guidance — and if you're worried, or unsure, contact your doctor, midwife or a lactation consultant. Any breast lump that doesn't go away should always be checked.

Clogged duct, mastitis or engorgement?

They sit on the same spectrum and can blur into each other, which is why they're so easy to confuse. These are the typical patterns — your own may not fit neatly.

Clogged ductMastitisEngorgement
WhereOne tender spot or lumpAn area of one breast, often wedge-shapedWhole breast, often both
SkinMaybe slightly pinkRed, hot, swollenTight, shiny, full
How you feelFine apart from the sore spotOften flu-like: aches, chills, tiredUncomfortable, but usually well
FeverUsually noneCommonOccasionally mild
Typical timingAny timeOften comes on quicklyUsually the first days after birth

The advice that has changed

A lot of what's still online is older advice. Here's how current guidance from La Leche League and the NHS compares.

Older adviceCurrent guidance
Heat or cold?Hot compresses, hot showersCold packs to calm the inflammation
MassageFirm, deep massage to "work the lump out"No deep massage — only very light touch
FeedingSometimes: rest the sore sideKeep feeding on cue from both sides
PumpingPump hard to "empty" the breastNo need to pump extra on top of normal feeds

Based on: NHS — Mastitis · La Leche League International — Mastitis · Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine Protocol #36, The Mastitis Spectrum (2022). Experts still debate some details, such as how much milk removal is ideal — but all agree on keeping feeding going, avoiding deep massage, resting, and getting seen if you're not improving.

Common questions

Is it safe to keep breastfeeding with mastitis?

Yes. Mastitis isn't contagious and your milk is safe for your baby. Both the NHS and La Leche League advise continuing to feed, including from the sore side. If feeding directly hurts too much, hand expressing for comfort is an option.

Should I use heat or cold?

Current guidance favours cold. The NHS suggests a cold compress, such as a cloth soaked in cold water, on the sore area for about 10 minutes at a time. The old advice to use heat is no longer recommended, because the problem is inflammation and swelling.

Should I massage the lump hard to clear it?

No. Deep, firm massage can make inflammation worse, and this is one of the points experts agree on. If you touch the area at all, keep it very light.

Should I pump more to empty the breast?

Keep feeding your baby as normal and don't cut back — but there's no need to add lots of extra pumping on top. Experts still debate the ideal amount of milk removal, so if you're unsure what's right for you, a lactation consultant can help.

What if the lump doesn't go away?

Most breastfeeding lumps settle within days. Any lump that is still there after a week or so, or redness that doesn't clear with treatment, should be checked by a doctor. Most turn out to be harmless, but it deserves a proper look.